Sea jellies, also known as jellyfish, jellies or Medusozoa, are a form of marine life that can survive in both fresh and saltwater. They are free-swimming, meaning they do not swim with purpose in a particular direction, but rather they rely on ocean currents and the availability of prey. Jellyfish do not have a brain or central nervous system. Instead they detect touch by means of a network of nerves located in their epidermis. Some species have organs that are light sensitive and can even tell the difference between up and down. However, generally sea jellies are blind and instinctual only.
An ocean bloom or swarm is a huge congregation of jellyfish all brought together via ocean currents, increasing temperature, oxygen concentration and a large availability of prey. Because of their unique ability to thrive in oxygen-depleted waters, sea jellies thrive when other marine life cannot. Theses swarms can feed on plankton without any competition, furthering their populations. Rising ocean temperatures caused by global warming has seen the advent of more swarms than usual in ocean waters all over the world. It is important to note that ocean blooms draw jellyfish of all varieties, from the Portuguese Man O’War to the Box Jellyfish.
When ocean blooms occur near popular dive sites or beaches, they can adversely impact those who enter the water. With a huge increase in the number of jellies in the local waters, there will be an increase in stings on swimmers. When a person is stung by a sea jelly, millions of minute ’spikes’ from the tentacle pierce the skin and inject a venom. There are some jellyfish whose venom has no effect on humans, others cause a slight sting, while still others can cause acute pain. Some of the more infamous are the Box Jellyfish and the Irukandji.
The Irukandji jellyfish is deceptive in size. The ‘bell’ measures about .20 of an inch and the tentacles stretch as long as two and half feet. Its stingers are located all over the bell and the tentacles. These jellyfish have no color, are clear and extremely hard to spot. The actual sting from an Irukandji is not too bothersome, it is the effects of the venom that produce the most discomfort. Symptoms include sever muscle cramps in the limbs, back and kidney pain, burning sensations on the face, headache, sweating, vomiting, raised heart rate and blood pressure, and temporary dementia. Victims need hospitalization, however the treatment is only symptomatic. Irukandji are not typically found in the Gulf of Mexico. They are predominantly in the waters off all coasts of Australia.
The Portuguese Man O’War, also known as a Bluebottle, is not actually a jellyfish but is often referred to as such. It is actually colonial organism made up of millions of tiny individual creatures, all with a specific purpose and attached to each other. They are so integrated that they cannot survive without each other and therefore make up a perfect whole unit. Unlike the Irukandji, the Bluebottle is easier to spot in the water as its tentacles stretching down into the water are a bright blue. The bell head actually works like a bladder, keeping it afloat. Being stung by a Man O’War is a painful experience. The tentacles leave long red welts on the skin, and if they occur near a lymph node the pain can be more severe. Death as a result of Man O’War stings is rare, and usually related to a severe allergic reaction to the venom. Common jellyfish sting treatments such as vinegar or mustard are not recommended for Man O’War wounds. The Portuguese Man O’War can be found in the Gulf of California, in waters around Hawaii, the Mediterranean Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico.
The jellyfish (or jellyfish looking creatures) of the Gulf of Mexico are not as bad as the media will have everyone think. The deadliest species (Irukandji and Box Jellyfish) do not even live in those waters and the Bluebottle is easily spotted. So go swimming, go diving, go snorkeling – have fun!
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